اللغة الأجنبية
Topic outline
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Master One Assignment
Dear students
You are tasked with writing a report according to the main points, and the appropriate arrangement of the elements we mentioned before, in addition to the right structure. Feel free to choose the topic that suits you.
Please note the following formal guide lines:
- Font: 12-point Times New Roman.
- Double-spaced lines.
- 1 in (2.5cm) margins all around.
- Title page:
*Title of the report
*Your name
*The date
*Instructor name
- No more than three pages
NOTE: The deadline of work submission is 03/05/2024.
The work should be send To: samah.hamoud@univ-jijel.dz
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Lecture 03
Introduction: The two present tenses
Most English verbs have two present tenses. Forms like I wait, she thinks are called simple present or present simple, forms like I am waiting or she is thinking are called present progressive or present continuous. The tenses are used in different ways.
A/ Form
a)Positive statements
I /we/ you /they eat chocolate
He/ she/ It eats chocolate
b) Negative statements
I/ we/ you/ they do not eat chocolate
He/ she/ It does not eat chocolate
c ) Questions
Do I /we/ you /they eat chocolate?
Does he / she / It eat chocolate?
d) Short answers
Yes I/ we / they/ you do No, I/ you/ we /they do not
Yes, he / she/ it does No, he / she / it does not
B/Spelling of the third person singular forms
The regular spelling of the –s inflection is*s
Examples: run/ runs work/ works revere/ reveres
Here are additional spelling rules for particular:
If the verb ends in –s,-z, -x, -ch, or –sh, add –es to the infinitive.
Examples: Misses, buzzes, fixes, watches, pushes.
For some verbs ending in –o, add –es to the infinitive.
Examples: go/goes do/does
Derivatives with go and do also have –es: examples: undergo/undergoes, overdo/ overdoes.
If the verb ends in a consonant plus y , change the y to I and add –es
C/ Pronunciation of third person singular forms.
The pronunciation of the-es ending depends on the sound that comes before it. It follows exactly the same rules as the pronunciation of plural es.
D/ Use: we use the present
With routine or regular repeated actions ( often with adverbs of frequency like: always , often, Sometimes, never, every Saturday morning, once a week.)
Example: we go to Greece for our holidays every summer
She doesn’t drink coffee after midday.
I never get up before nine o’clock on Sunday
2-When we are talking about something that is true in general or about permanent situations: situations that exist now, and, as far as we kwow, will go on indefinitely.
Examples: Alice works for an insurance company
Liz plays the violin brilliantly
It takes me five minutes to get to school
3-With scientific facts
Examples : bees make honey
Water freezes at 0 degrees centigrade
4-To ask for and give directions, instructions, and demonstrations.
Examples: How do I get to the station
First you put the cassette in the machine
5-Can be used to refer to the contents and summaries of books, films, newspaper, plays, stories…etc
Examples: In Act I, Hamlet sees the ghost of his father. The ghost tells him...
6-In newspaper headlines to talk about events that have recently happened.
Example: QUAKE HITS CENTRAL IRAN
FOREIGN MINISTER RESIGNS
7-When telling stories and jokes in informal spoken English to create the impression that events are happening now.
Example: She goes up to this man and looks straight into his eyes. He’s not wearing his glasses, and he doesn’t recognize her…
8-With state verbs which are not normally used in continuous forms: be, have, depend, know, think, understand, disagree, like, want, hear, love, see, smell, taste.
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