Abbreviation

The 5W1H method is an empirical framework that employs a series of fundamental questions to define, clarify, and investigate a topic more thoroughly. This work seeks to address the questions of WHAT, WHO, WHEN, WHY, WHERE, and HOW.

DOAJ refers to the Directory of Open Access Journals. This is a free, online database that curates and indexes high-quality, peer-reviewed, open-access, and non-predatory journals globally.

Early English Books Online is a leading digital database offering high-resolution, page-image scans of more than 146,000 books, pamphlets, and serials printed in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and British North America.

IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, which constitutes the conventional framework for scientific research papers and reports.

JSTOR is an acronym for "Journal Storage," it is a non-profit digital academic library that offers access to millions of full-text, peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and primary sources spanning over 50 disciplines.

Open Researcher and Contributor ID is a free, unique, and persistent 16-digit identifier designed for individuals to utilize in research, scholarship, and innovation activities.

The SNDL gives you access to varied Algerian and international electronic documentation covering all areas of teaching and scientific research.

SUDOC is a system utilized by libraries of French universities and higher education institutions to identify, monitor, and manage documents.

URL is the address of a web page.

Web of Science is a Clarivate subscription-based platform for academic citations and research.