ChapVIII: ES_ (Contuned)_ 4th compartment_Lysosomes_2026

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells and are considered the main intracellular digestive compartments. They contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes that are active in an acidic environment and are capable of degrading different types of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Through their central role in cellular recycling, waste removal, and the degradation of materials internalized via endocytosis or phagocytosis, lysosomes contribute to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They are also involved in essential processes such as autophagy and immune defense. Any dysfunction of lysosomal activity can lead to severe pathological conditions, particularly lysosomal storage diseases.